What Is PTSD and How Can You Support a Loved One?
April 29, 2026Post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a mental health condition that can develop after a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event. It is currently estimated that between 3-7% of adults live with PTSD; however, these statistics are believed to be underestimated, as many vulnerable individuals do not have access to proper screening or care services to be accurately diagnosed.
What Causes PTSD?
The actual cause of PTSD is not known.
However, PTSD can develop after events or exposures such as:
- Military combat
- Serious accidents
- Physical or emotional abuse
- Natural disasters
- Witnessing violence
Not everyone who experiences traumatic events will develop PTSD. Factors like support systems, previous mental health history, and the severity of the event can influence how a person responds.
Common Symptoms of PTSD
Symptoms may begin soon after the event or months later, and can include:
Re-experiencing
- Flashbacks
- Nightmares
- Intrusive memories
Avoidance
- Avoiding places or people that trigger memories
- Avoiding conversations about the event
Mood Changes
- Feelings of guilt or shame
- Persistent sadness or numbness
- Trouble feeling close to others
Hyperarousal
- Irritability or anger
- Trouble sleeping
- Being easily startled
Diagnosis and Treatment
A primary care provider can help start the conversation and connect patients with appropriate care, including:
- Mental health counseling
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Medication when appropriate
- Virtual care options for therapy and support.
Early treatment can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life
How to Support a Loved One With PTSD
Supporting someone with PTSD can feel overwhelming, but small actions can make a big difference.
- Offer a Safe, Nonjudgmental Space
- Let them know you believe them and that their feelings are valid.
- Listen Without Trying to Fix
- Sometimes the most helpful thing is to listen and be present.
- Respect Boundaries
- If they don’t want to talk about it, don’t push. Let them set the pace.
- Help With Practical Needs
- Offer help with daily tasks, childcare, or appointments. Small acts of support can relieve a lot of stress.
- Encourage Professional Support
- Gently encourage them to speak with a primary care provider or mental health professional.
What Not to Do When Supporting Someone With PTSD
- Don’t minimize their experience
- Don’t say “you should just get over it.”
- Don’t push them into triggering situations
- Don’t shame them for their reactions
Support should always be respectful and patient-centered.
Frequently Asked Questions About PTSD
Yes. With the right care, many people see significant improvement and regain control of their lives.
PTSD varies by person. Some recover in months, while others may need longer-term care.
Yes. Complex PTSD can develop after ongoing trauma or prolonged stress. Therefore it is important to reduce the probability of recurrent exposures to traumatic events if possible.
